Retrofitting Residential Buildings for Net-Zero Energy in Nashik

This research introduces a novel retrofit framework for attaining net-zero energy in mid-rise affordable housing, applied to a twenty-eight-dwelling-unit “Maharashtra Housing Area Development Authority” (MHADA) residential complex in Nashik, Maharashtra, India, a hot, dry city. The study examines existing energy consumption patterns, thermal comfort performance, and the feasibility of restructuring to reduce operational energy demand by combining simulation-based analysis, field data, and passive design interventions. Through on-site surveys (January–December 2024), we analyzed baseline energy use and thermal comfort, and then developed a validated simulation model of base case Mean Bias Error (MBE): +1.1% and Coefficient of Variation of the Root Mean Square Error (CV-RMSE): 14.34% for parametric evaluation. Integrating passive design strategies, such as Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) insulation on exterior walls and roofs, and advanced lighting controls yielded a 63.56% reduction in operational energy demand. These conclusions provide scalable retrofit guidelines for housing authorities and policymakers, progressing sustainable urban development in similar climates, aligning with the Paris Agreement goals and a sustainable future.