Effects of a Glutamine and Arginine Combination on the Inflammatory Response in a Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Sepsis Model at Different Time Points of Supplementation

Activation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway in sepsis plays a crucial role in the expression of TNF‐α, IL‐8, and MMP‐8, which can further exacerbate the condition. The management of sepsis requires complex strategies. Glutamine and arginine are amino acids that can modulate inflammatory processes and enhance immune function, and their levels are often deficient in sepsis. This study aimed to analyze the effects of glutamine and arginine combination (GAC) on TNF‐α, NF‐κB, IL‐8, and MMP‐8 expressions in sepsis. Seventy‐two Rattus norvegicus were divided into three main intervention groups, each of which was further divided into three subgroups that received therapy initiated at different time points (6 h, 24 h, and 48 h) after the intervention. Therapy was administered once daily for three consecutive days. Termination was performed 2 h after the final therapy, after which jejunal tissues were collected. The administration of GAC resulted in different cells expressing IL‐8 ( p = 0.026) in the 24‐h treatment group and MMP‐8 ( p < 0.001) in the 6‐h treatment group. No differences were found in cells expressing TNF‐α, NF‐κB, and IL‐8 in the 6‐h treatment group ( p > 0.05); TNF‐α, NF‐κB, and MMP‐8 in the 24‐h treatment group ( p > 0.05); and TNF‐α, NF‐κB, IL‐8, and MMP‐8 in the 48‐h treatment group ( p > 0.05). The supplementation of GAC demonstrated different cells expressing IL‐8 (in therapy started at 24 h) and MMP‐8 (in therapy started at 6 h). Future studies should be conducted on dose evaluation over a longer research duration to validate more specific results.