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Tutorial explains how three 1D rules construct 3D space, suggesting fundamental insights into spacetime emergence.
A single 1D cellular automaton rule operates on a line — but how do you get three-dimensional space from a one-dimensional rule? This tutorial explains the Three-Tape Chiral Minkowski Cellular Automaton (CMCA), the key construction in the UGP Physics framework for deriving 3+1D spacetime from the GTE polynomial. Three independent copies of the GTE rule run on three orthogonal tapes, coupled through the PSC (Perfect Self-Containment) constraint. The Dimensional Protocol Principle determines the coupling strength between tapes, and the Lorentzian signature of spacetime (+,-,-,-) emerges from the chiral structure of the coupling. This tutorial walks through the construction step by step, explaining why exactly three spatial dimensions arise and how the tape coupling fraction of approximately 40% for n=3 produces the observed gravitational-to-total edge ratio in the causal bulk.
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Nova Spivack (2026) studied this question.
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