Experimental validation of a low-cost FDM 3D printer for educational use, emphasizing affordability and accuracy.
This work presents the design, fabrication, and experimental validation of a low-cost open-source FDM 3D printer developed for educational institutions. The system employs a uPVC frame, Arduino Mega 2560 controller, RAMPS 1.4 shield, Marlin firmware, and a Bowden-type extrusion system. Experimental testing demonstrated dimensional accuracy of ±0.2 mm, thermal stability, and reliable operation during extended print sessions. The complete design emphasizes affordability, local manufacturability, and educational value.
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Basith et al. (2026) studied this question.
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