What question did this study set out to answer?

This research focuses on addressing the singularity problem in black holes by proposing a topological phase transition model.

June 14, 2026Open Access

From Circle to Wedge Sum of Two Circles: A Topological Phase Transition Model for Black Hole Singularities – Curvature-Topological Extension of Einstein Field Equations

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Authors

JMJunly Ma RMRuijia Ma

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Implication

Randomized trial proposes a new topological phase transition model for black hole singularities, suggesting innovative implications for gravitational wave predictions.

Key Points

This research focuses on addressing the singularity problem in black holes by proposing a topological phase transition model.
Utilized spacetime topological phase transition hypothesis to model black hole interiors.
Constructed an extended Einstein-Hilbert action with a density-dependent coupling function.
Derived modified field equations to establish a coupling with Memory Gravity.
Achieved approximate smooth matching of interior and exterior metrics under specific conditions.
Established a connection with Memory Gravity, yielding an expression for control parameters.
Provided quantitative predictions for gravitational wave echoes and set criteria for falsification.

Cite This Study

Ma et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a2e4779b1cc60ccdea8bf33 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20657191

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Implication

Randomized trial proposes a new topological phase transition model for black hole singularities, suggesting innovative implications for gravitational wave predictions.

From Circle to Wedge Sum of Two Circles: A Topological Phase Transition Model for Black Hole Singularities – Curvature-Topological Extension of Einstein Field Equations

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

From Circle to Wedge Sum of Two Circles: A Topological Phase Transition Model for Black Hole Singularities – Curvature-Topological Extension of Einstein Field Equations

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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