Post‐Translational Modifications of Key Proteins in Hematologic Malignancies: Carcinogenic Mechanisms, Biomarker Potential, and New Therapeutic Strategies

Post‐translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins have emerged as critical regulators in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies. This review synthesizes the latest research advances in the regulatory mechanisms, clinical relevance, and translational application of diverse PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, succinylation, and lactylation, in blood cancers. We summarize how these modifications dynamically regulate the stability and interaction of key oncogenic proteins, thereby orchestrating tumor proliferation, apoptosis evasion, and chemotherapy resistance. Crucially, this article emphasizes the clinical potential of PTMs beyond therapeutic targeting, highlighting their emerging role as sensitive biomarkers for early diagnosis. By identifying the specific PTM landscapes across leukemias, lymphomas, and myeloma, we provide a framework for developing next‐generation diagnostic tools and precision therapies for hematologic malignancies.