Hematological and biochemical characteristics of petrol station workers as occupational exposure in Duhok Governorate, Iraq

Background Oil and gas stations contribute significantly to the economic development of Duhok Governorate. However, workers in this sector are frequently exposed to hazardous substances such as hydrocarbons and heavy metals, which may negatively impact their health. Objective To evaluate the hematological and biochemical profiles of petrol station workers in Duhok Governorate. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2024 to May 2025, involving 70 male participants divided into two groups, petrol station workers (exposed) and office workers (controls), Blood samples were analyzed to assess hematological and biochemical parameters. Results Of the 70 participants, 57.1% were in the exposed group and 42.9% in the control group. No significant differences were found in hemoglobin, red blood cell, white blood cell, or platelet counts between the two groups. However, Alkaline Phosphatase level were significantly elevated in the exposed group (p = 0.001). A positive correlation was also found between duration of work and Alanine Transaminase (r = 0.281, p = 0.001), as well as white blood cell count (r = 0.225, p = 0.032). No significant associations were found between age or daily working hours and laboratory parameters. Conclusion Long-term occupational exposure among petrol station workers may adversely affect liver function, as indicated by increased ALT and ALP levels. The correlation with work duration highlights the potential health risks of prolonged exposure, emphasizing the importance of regular medical monitoring and improved workplace safety.