From 1990 to 2021, the global age-standardized incidence of diabetes increased significantly with an average annual percent change of +1.71%, with high fasting plasma glucose and high BMI as top risk factors.
Observational
The global burden of diabetes has continued to rise from 1990 to 2021, with low-middle SDI regions experiencing the fastest growth in death and DALY rates.
Effect estimate: AAPC +1.71% (95% CI 1.69-1.73%)
p-value: p=<0.001
Purpose: We aim to analyze the global and regional trends of the total disease burden and risk factors of diabetes. Methods: This study was based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. The global and regional trends of incidence, deaths, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were assessed. Level 2 risk factors in the database were included. Results: In 2021, global diabetes incidence, deaths, prevalence, and DALYs were 24,442.18 thousand, 1,656.63 thousand, 525,654.11 thousand, and 78,938.59 thousand, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, global age-standardized rates increased significantly, with average annual percent changes (AAPCs) of +1.71% (incidence), +0.14% (deaths), +2.05% (prevalence), and +0.94% (DALYs). Middle and low-middle social-demographic index (SDI) regions accounted for over half of the global burden across all metrics. Low-middle SDI regions had the fastest growth in death (AAPC: +1.05%) and DALYs rates (AAPC: +1,32%), while high SDI and high-middle regions showed a mortality decline (AAPC: -1.48% and -0.24%). In recent years, global age-adjusted incidence, prevalence, and DALYs rates of diabetes maintained positive APCs, with low-middle SDI regions leading in growth, while high SDI regions saw declining mortality and accelerated incidence, and middle SDI regions sustained steady growth across key metrics. High fasting plasma glucose, high body mass index, and dietary risks were still the top three risk factors. Conclusion: The global diabetes burden has continued to rise over the past three decades. Low-middle SDI regions have the fastest growth in death and DALYs rates, while low SDI regions maintain persistently high mortality and DALYs. In recent years, low-middle and middle SDI regions still face sustained growth of age-adjusted deaths, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
Yang et al. (Tue,) conducted a observational in Diabetes. Socio-demographic index (SDI) and diabetes risk factors was evaluated on Global age-standardized incidence rate of diabetes (AAPC +1.71%, 95% CI 1.69-1.73%, p=<0.001). From 1990 to 2021, the global age-standardized incidence of diabetes increased significantly with an average annual percent change of +1.71%, with high fasting plasma glucose and high BMI as top risk factors.
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