Aerodynamic performance optimization of high-rise structures under extreme wind

This study investigates the aerodynamic performance of five unconventional high-rise geometries Diagrid, Fractal, Porous, Helical, and Tapered–Twisted through Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) under an extreme wind condition of 50 m/s (Re ≈ 1.9 × 10 8 ). The results establish a distinct performance hierarchy based on drag ( C d ) and lift ( C l ) coefficients, to establish a comparative performance hierarchy. The results reveal a clear performance hierarchy. The Porous model ( C d ~ 0.89, C l ≈±0.49) was the most effective overall, reducing both mean drag and lift fluctuations. In contrast, the Tapered-Twisted model revealed a critical performance trade-off: while it successfully reduced mean drag ( C d ~ 0.91) it also exhibited significant lift fluctuations, indicating a potential for vortex-induced vibrations (VIV). The Helical model ( C l ≈±1.2) showed the most pronounced cross-wind instability. The Fractal ( C d ~ 1.13) and Diagrid ( C d ~ 0.98) geometries also demonstrated less efficient performance with high mean drag and significant lift forces. These findings highlight that geometric modifications involve complex trade-offs. While strategies like porosity can holistically improve aerodynamic stability, others like the Tapered-Twisted form may reduce mean loads at the cost of amplifying dynamic excitation potential. This underscores the necessity of evaluating both mean and fluctuating aerodynamic responses to inform the performance-driven design of high-rise structures.