What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to explore how the timing between rainfall and coastal water levels affects compound flooding.

Rainfall and coastal water level relative timing as drivers of compound flooding in Haikou, China

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Demonstrates the impact of timing on compound flooding in Haikou, suggesting critical management insights.

The aim is to explore how the timing between rainfall and coastal water levels affects compound flooding.
Simulated 49 time-lag scenarios using the D-Flow FM model for assessing inundation volumes.
Evaluated absolute and relative increments of inundation volume compared to baseline.
Delineated compound zones and analyzed contributions from rainfall and water levels.
Maximum inundation occurs at a time lag of -13 hours with a relative increase of 9.44%.
Rainfall peaks before coastal water levels lead to significantly larger inundation.
The interaction between rainfall and water levels produces higher risks than considering them separately.

Wu et al. (2026) studied this question.

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