ABSTRACT High‐safety and low‐cost Zn metal batteries hold great promise for energy storage, but their limited energy density remains a major bottleneck restricting their practical development. Here, an all‐anisotropic‐component integrated model with full high‐flux characteristic is presented for enabling high‐specific‐energy devices. By utilizing natural and recyclable wood‐based materials, we validate its feasibility in classic Zn–MnO 2 single‐electron reaction system. Among them, lightweight and carbonized wood material was used to serves as a universal current collector for both MnO 2 cathode and Zn anode. Simultaneously, a phosphate‐modified cellulose‐based hydrogel with vertically aligned channels was fabricated to achieve high electrochemical compatibility between electrode and electrolyte interfaces. As a result, this configuration enables the stable cycling of Zn||Ca‐MnO 2 pouch cells at high mass loading (even up to 50.13 mg cm −2 ), with a wide‐temperature operability (−30°C to 60°C). Impressively, a maximum energy density of 173.2 Wh kg −1 is achieved at the current density of 0.1 A g −1 , exceeding the vast majority of previous findings. Such battery structure model can be applied to both vanadium‐ and manganese‐based cathodes, but also expected to other multielectron reaction systems, promoting the fast development of economical nonlithium energy storage batteries.
Ma et al. (Sat,) studied this question.