In currently accepted models of physics, light is composed of photons, which are one of the fundamental particles in the table in the Standard Model, one of whose characteristics is that it is massless. Also, light travels in a straight line and sometimes exhibits a wave state and sometimes a particle state;Based on this model and observations such as Young's double-slit experiment, the Copenhagen interpretation of the universe emerged, which is still the standard interpretation and accepted by the majority of scientific authorities as the "official interpretation" of quantum mechanics. In the present study, light consists of a particle with mass, but with a very low mass, which moves on a spring-shaped or spiral path, and its speed of movement along the axis of this spiral is equal to the speed of light, and its value is the same as the accepted constant speed of light. However, by changing its frequency or wavelength, this spring becomes more compact or open, and in other words, the distance between its two peaks becomes greater or less. For high frequencies, this distance decreases, and due to the increase in the speed of rotation around the axis of the spring, the photon energy increases. Conversely, for low frequencies and long wavelengths, the rotational speed around the axis decreases, and as the overall speed of the particle decreases, its energy also decreases. Due to the spiral motion of the photon, the photon particles are actually both particle and wave at the same time, but this wave is not the wave of the conventional quantum model, but rather due to the spiral motion of the photon particle itself. This wave motion causes the formation of light and dark bands in the Young experiment or in the phenomenon of light diffraction. With this model, there is no need for Copenhagen interpretations, which have problems such as the need for an observer, the probability of the light wave function until the time of occurrence, etc., and it is possible to explain the phenomena observed in Young's double-slit experiment without these issues, the details of which will be presented in the relevant section. Another point of the model presented in this study is the mass of the photon. The deflection of light passing by gravitational objects such as black holes is not only due to the slowing down of time and the change in the length of objects as they approach the centers of gravity in Einstein's general theory of relativity, but also due to the mass of the photon.Of course, modeling the curvature of spacetime and the relations of the theory of relativity is a good modeling using mathematical relations and the discussions of length and time dilation are in accordance with some observations confirmed by this study, but half of the deviation of light is due to its mass and half of it is due to time dilation or the slowing down of time and the lengthening of the time of light's movement in the gravitational field, which is consistent with the experimental data obtained. In addition, the model presented in this study can explain the angular shift compared to current calculations based on radio to optical frequencies observed in gravitational lenses. While current models (Einstein's general relativity) explain gravitational lensing, there are still ambiguities in some specific details and local anomalies (such as slight differences in position, brightness, or time of arrival of images) that the model presented in this study can provide a basis for explaining.For example, the partial chromatic effect seen in real gravitational lensing observations (VLBI and HST), in which the angular variations in the deflection of transmitted light between different optical frequencies or between colors of visible light vary by a few microarcseconds, can be explained by the model presented in this study. Also, the reddening of light from distant galaxies has been found to be more red than predicted due to calculations based on existing models, leading to the assumption of the existence of dark energy, while the model presented in this study, namely light as a massive particle with a spiral motion around an axis, explains part of the frequency reddening of the arriving light as the light loses some of its energy due to the interaction of light on its way to Earth. Therefore, the expansion of the universe with this model not only does not have a positive acceleration, but also has a negative acceleration, which is due to the existence of gravity between objects in galaxies.Finally, this study, considering the mass of light and the conversion of elementary particles into each other, concludes that all components of elementary particles are composed of the building block of light, whose mass is much less than other elementary particles. In fact, in the conversion of matter into energy, matter is converted into other mass particles called photons that are moving at the linear speed of light. In addition to explaining the conservation of matter and energy and their conversion into each other, this model also explains the existence of light inside other particles such as electrons and provides the necessary explanations for how electrons emit photons and how elementary particles in general convert into each other.
Seyed Mohammad Ehsan Ghadamgahi (Fri,) studied this question.