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June 15, 2026BMC Cancer1 citationsOpen Access

Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Predict Immunotherapy Response in Bladder Cancer Patients

The predictive role of tertiary lymphoid structures in the prognosis and response to immunotherapy of bladder cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Authors

PHPoning HuCWChen WangXZX. Zeng

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Overview

Systematic review evaluates the prognostic value of tertiary lymphoid structures in bladder cancer, indicating their potential in immunotherapy response assessment.

Key Points

  • This review aims to assess the role of tertiary lymphoid structures in predicting survival and immunotherapy response in bladder cancer patients.
  • Conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.
  • Included eight studies with a total of 1706 bladder cancer patients.
  • Pooled hazard ratios for overall survival, progression-free survival, and disease-free survival were analyzed.
  • High levels of TLS were associated with improved overall survival (HR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.33–0.74).
  • Improved progression-free survival was also noted with TLS (HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.45–0.58).
  • Increased TLS dynamics during treatment correlated with better immunotherapy outcomes, rather than baseline levels alone.

Cite This Study

Hu et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a2f98a0a1cfeec490829adehttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-16326-2
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