An Association between the Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Carotid Atherosclerosis

OBJECTIVE: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem. There is conflicting evidence concerning whether CKD is an independent risk factor for carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study subjects were 428 men aged 70+/-15 (mean+/-standard deviation) years and 582 women aged 75+/-12 years enrolled consecutively from patients in the Medical Department of Seiyo Municipal Nomura Hospital. Carotid IMT was derived via B-mode ultrasonography and CKD was evaluated by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation. RESULTS: In men, age (p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (p<0.001), antihypertensive drug use (p<0.001), HDL-C (p=0.006), LDL-C (p=0.004), prevalence of diabetes (p=0.035) and eGFR (p<0.001) were significantly correlated with carotid IMT. In women, age (p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (p<0.001), antihypertensive drug use (p<0.001), HDL-C (p=0.035), LDL-C (p=0.017) and eGFR (p<0.001) were significantly correlated with carotid IMT. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis using IMT as an objective variable, adjusted by various factors as explanatory variables, showed that eGFR was a significant independent contributing factor along with known risk factors in men (beta, -0.096; p=0.018) and women (beta, -0.080; p=0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggested that eGFR was associated with an increased prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis independent of common cardiovascular risk factors in both men and women.