Rolling friction of a viscous sphere on a hard plane

. -- A first-principle continuum-mechanics expression for the rolling friction coefficient is obtained for the rolling motion of a viscoelastic sphere on a hard plane. It relates the friction coefficient to the viscous and elastic constants of the sphere material. The relation obtained refers to the case when the deformation of the sphere ¸ is small, the velocity of the sphere V is much less than the speed of sound in the material and when the characteristic time ¸=V is much larger than the dissipative relaxation times of the viscoelastic material. To our knowledge this is the first first-principle expression of the rolling friction coefficient which does not contain empirical parameters. Rolling friction is one of the basic phenomena man encounters in his everyday life since antediluvian times when the wheel was invented. The phenomenon of rolling friction has been interesting to scientists for a long time. Scientific publications on this subject range back to (at least) 1785 when V...