Forecasting Electricity Price in Different Time Horizons: An Application to the Italian Electricity Market

Electricity price is a crucial element for market players to maximize their profits. In this context, the forecast of the hour-ahead, day-ahead, and week-ahead electricity prices plays a crucial role. The more accurate the prediction is, the lower the market risk is. In this article, several machine learning algorithms (support vector machine, Gaussian processes regression, regression trees, and multilayer perceptron) with different structures have been adopted to forecast Italian wholesale electricity prices. Considering different time horizons (hourly, daily, and weekly), their performances have been compared through several performance metrics, including mean absolute error, R-index, mean absolute percentage error, and the number of anomalies in which the forecast error passes a threshold. The investigation reveals that, in general, SVM and tree-based models outperform other models at different time horizons.