Key result
The heart functions as a closed-loop engine unifying electromechanical phenomena via ionic gradients.
Why the study?
To unify four prior cardiac series papers into an architectural statement describing wave propagation, biogenic electrical generation, and cardiac mechanical motion as a closed-loop system.
This theoretical paper proposes a unified architectural model of the heart as a closed-loop engine driven by ionic gradients.
Wave propagation, biogenic electrical generation, and cardiac mechanical motion form a single self-reinforcing closed-loop engine under V=N/D. Density wave drives spiral motion; motion compresses electrocyte layer generating ionic current; current maintains density gradient; gradient regenerates wave. The fuel is the body's ionic gradient — life itself. Death is the irreversible exhaustion of this fuel. This paper unifies the four prior cardiac series papers into a single architectural statement: the heart is a V=N/D engine in which wave, electricity, and motion are one phenomenon viewed from three angles.
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Yoshimitsu Katayama (2026) reported a review. The heart functions as a self-reinforcing closed-loop V=N/D engine where wave propagation, electrical generation, and mechanical motion are unified phenomena driven by ionic gradients.
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