Beta-Blocker Medication: Between Cardiovascular Benefits and Functional Limitations in Medical Rehabilitation

Introduction: With multiple indications in both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases, beta-blockers exert complex effects on the cardiovascular system and energy metabolism, potentially impacting functional performance in medical rehabilitation programs. While their efficacy in controlling cardiac function is well-documented, the literature reports inconsistent results regarding the effects of this drug class on metabolic parameters and exercise tolerance. In the context of medical rehabilitation, these aspects justify the evaluation of the potential impact of beta-blockers on functional response. Materials and Methods: The study had a prospective design and included 320 patients hospitalized between January and December 2025 at the Techirghiol Balneary and Rehabilitation Sanatorium. The antihypertensive medication used was analyzed, with patients grouped based on the administration of beta-blockers or other classes of antihypertensive drugs. Clinical observations regarding exercise tolerance were noted according to the timing of beta-blocker medication administration. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated to compare the weight status between groups. Functional evaluation was performed at the beginning and at the end of the rehabilitation program using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Results: Of the included patients, 179 were under treatment with beta-blockers, with metoprolol being the predominantly used active substance. In this group, 72% had BMI values above 25 kg/m², with a gender distribution of 59.7% females and 40.3% males. Comparative analysis revealed higher average BMI values in women treated with beta-blockers compared to those receiving other classes of antihypertensive drugs. Dynamic evaluation indicated a more limited functional improvement in the group of patients treated with beta-blockers. Conclusion: Differences were observed between patients treated with beta-blockers and those treated with other classes of antihypertensive drugs regarding metabolic and functional parameters. These findings highlight the importance of considering antihypertensive therapy and monitoring exercise tolerance in the context of medical rehabilitation programs.