Betaine and Trimethylamine-N-Oxide as Predictors of Cardiovascular Outcomes Show Different Patterns in Diabetes Mellitus: An Observational Study

Lever et al. (2014) conducted an observational in Post-acute coronary admission (n=475). Plasma betaine and TMAO concentrations vs. Bottom or reference quintiles was evaluated on All cardiovascular events (in subjects with diabetes for high betaine) (HR 2.8, 95% CI 1.4-5.5). In subjects with diabetes, high plasma betaine was associated with increased all cardiovascular events (HR 2.8; 95% CI 1.4-5.5), whereas low betaine predicted risk in subjects without diabetes.