This paper reports on the overall outcome of the FP7 DISCUS project, which aimed at designing end to end architectures, protocols and a physical layer exploiting Long-Reach Passive Optical Network an integrated access and metro network interconnected with a low cost flat optical core network. Our architectural modelling results show that the benefits of node consolidation on the access side extends also to the core part, by enabling a flattening of the backbone network, bringing a substantial reduction in the number of router ports. In addition we report on testbed results demonstrating end-to-end service provisioning across multiple network layers, from application down to physical layer
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Payne et al. (2017) studied this question.