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As advancements in aerospace technology continue, reentry conditions pose increasingly rigorous requirements for thermal protection materials. Among these, fiber-reinforced phenolic resin composites have drawn substantial interest for their robust thermal insulation capabilities and enhanced ablation resistance, mechanical strength, and long-term reliability. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in fiber-reinforced phenolic resin composites, examining factors such as resin density, nanopore size within the matrix, resin cross-linking density, fiber–resin interfacial bonding, fiber length, fiber crystallization degree, and fiber weave structures that collectively influence composite performance. The typical applications of these composites in ultrahigh-speed aircraft are also discussed. Furthermore, the paper offers recommendations for future advancements focusing on optimizing mechanical, ablative, and insulation properties to meet the multifunctional demands of thermal protection materials.
Wang et al. (Mon,) studied this question.