Combining sorafenib and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG reduces liver fibrosis and hepatic encephalopathy following bile duct ligation in rats.

Objectives: GG (LGG) on liver fibrosis and HE in bile duct ligated (BDL) rats. Materials and Methods: CFU/ml/day), BDL+sorafenib (20 mg/kg), and BDL+probiotic+sorafenib. First, rats receive probiotic LGG or solvent for 2 weeks. Following a one-week post-BDL recovery period, the animals received sorafenib and probiotic LGG for three consecutive weeks. Next, various parameters were appraised. Results: The combination of sorafenib with LGG led to less liver fibrosis when compared with sorafenib alone. This combination therapy also alleviated inflammation and oxidative species present in the liver and frontal cortex. Further, this combination diminished hepatic Toll-like receptor 4/ Nuclear factor kappa-β expression. Finally, it led to improved cognitive function in behavioral assessments compared to using sorafenib alone. Conclusion: Overall, combining a low dose of sorafenib with probiotic LGG may offer significant benefits for treating liver fibrosis and HE.