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June 17, 2026Resources Conservation and RecyclingOpen Access

Onshoring North American rare earth mining

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Authors

SKStephen E. KeslerGKGregory A. KeoleianCHChristian Hitt

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Overview

This evaluation assesses the commercialization potential of North American rare earth deposits, suggesting implications for local supply chains.

Key Points

  • To evaluate North American rare earth element deposits for their potential to meet domestic demand and enhance supply.
  • Evaluated 28 drill-tested North American rare earth deposits
  • Compared tonnages and grades of deposits across North America, Australia, Greenland, and China
  • Assessed potential production increases from existing mines and softer deposits
  • Total North American resources of 35 Mt TREO are 90 times greater than current world production of 0.39 Mt/year.
  • Current production from Mountain Pass and Jesup mines is approximately 0.045 Mt TREO/year.
  • Potential for increased production from placer deposits and hard-rock deposits in North America identified.

Cite This Study

Kesler et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a323915d50b63ecad204b95https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.109027
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