Isolation and applying laccase-producing Trichoderma atroviridae 41 SRP for decolorizing and physicochemical properties reduction of natural Tingi bark dye and batik effluent

Aims:The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the capacity of selected fungi to decolorize Tingi bark dye at different concentrations, while concurrently assessing their efficacy in improving the physicochemical properties of batik effluent during the decolorization process, and investigate the contribution of laccase enzyme to bioremediation performance.Methodology and results: Screening test with tannic acid to determine its ligninolytic ability, and the isolate named 41 SRP showed a positive reaction.Based on morphological and molecular characteristics, it was confirmed that isolate 41 SRP was Trichoderma atroviride.Decolorization of Tingi bark dye was carried out at various concentrations (250, 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm) and incubated for 120 h.The highest decolorization observed was 98.88% at 250 ppm.The growth profile was measured for 120 h, which showed that various dye concentrations influenced the growth of T. atroviride with the highest dry weight at 72 h of incubation at 250 to 1500 ppm of 0.51 to 0.37 g.Decolorization of batik effluent showed T. atroviride effectively decolorized batik waste by 61.15%, reduced the physicochemical properties of chemical oxygen demand batik effluent by 70.93%, and succeeded in reducing the oil/fat content to meet the quality standards for batik waste.Laccase activity reached the peak at 3.92 U/mL.Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Trichoderma atroviride has great potential as a biological agent for decolorization.With a high dye concentration and shorter incubation time, T. atroviride biomass can decolorize batik wastewater in non-nutritive conditions and succeed in reducing higher values of physicochemical properties through the decolorization process.