ABSTRACT This study investigates a class of delayed virus infection model that incorporates CTL immune responses with both lytic and nonlytic effector mechanisms. The model incorporates two delays: an intracellular delay and a CTL immune response delay . By fully leveraging the expressions of the model's two threshold parameters and , constructing appropriate Lyapunov functionals, and employing sophisticated inequality analysis techniques, we establish the following results: (i) the global asymptotic stability (GAS) of the infection‐free equilibrium is completely obtained; (ii) the sufficient conditions for the GAS of the immune‐free equilibrium are derived; (iii) under specific parameter constraints, the sufficient conditions for the GAS of the immune activation equilibrium are obtained. The results in this paper further extend the conclusions in the existing literature. Meanwhile, the model is applied to experimental data from humanized mice infected with HIV‐1, demonstrating the effectiveness of the model in predicting empirical data.
Xu et al. (Sun,) studied this question.