Source-Load Interactive Low-Carbon Scheduling of Integrated Energy Systems Under CET-CCER Market Mechanisms

Accurate carbon accounting and demand-side coordination are essential for the low-carbon operation of integrated energy systems (IESs) under carbon market mechanisms. Existing studies have mainly focused on source-side carbon allocation or price-based demand response, while the coordination among carbon tracing, carbon markets, and load-side carbon responsibility remains insufficient. This paper proposes a source-load interactive low-carbon scheduling framework for IESs under joint carbon emission trading (CET) and Chinese Certified Emission Reduction (CCER) mechanisms. A full-chain carbon tracing method based on carbon emission flow theory is first used to identify carbon responsibility across electricity, gas, heat, and energy conversion processes. A spatial dynamic carbon emission factor is then introduced as the carbon signal for low-carbon demand response (LCDR). On this basis, renewable generation and LCDR-induced emission reductions are integrated into a unified CET-CCER incentive framework, and a bi-level scheduling model is developed to coordinate the integrated energy service provider and energy consumers. Case results under 40%, 65%, and 90% wind penetration scenarios show that the proposed framework reduces operating cost and carbon emissions while improving renewable energy accommodation. The role of LCDR becomes more significant under high renewable penetration, where carbon-oriented load shifting mitigates wind curtailment and reduces reliance on thermal generation.