Defining complexity through imaging: A case report of caudal duplication syndrome

Caudal duplication syndrome (CDS) is a rare congenital malformation in which caudal structures (gastrointestinal, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, and spinal systems) are duplicated partially or completely. This case report involves a 1-year and 7-month-old boy who presented with a number of anomalies, such as bladder duplication, lipomyelomeningocele and diastematomyelia, bifid scrotum, as well as anorectal malformation. Multimodality imaging played a major role in the diagnosis and assessment of the severity of the anomalies. The patient received staged surgical procedures based on the imaging findings, which resulted in a substantial improvement in overall quality of life, but the underlying urological and developmental problems still necessitate multidisciplinary care. This report brings to light the importance of imaging in the diagnosis, surgical planning, and follow-up of CDS.