The macroscopic material world we inhabit is real, stable and objectively existent, evidenced by observable celestial bodies including stars and planets. The longterm stability of the materialbased universe implies fundamental particlerelated physical laws undiscovered within current physics frameworks. In accordance with chargeconservation law, collisions of highenergy photons produce paired particles: neutronsantineutrons, protonsantiprotons, electronspositrons, with equal initial quantities of matter and antimatter particles. Under classical particlephysics models, freemoving matterantimatter particles annihilate upon contact, converting back into highenergy photons. Photon collisions regenerate new particles, creating an infinite reversible cycle between photons and free particles, which cannot yield stable longlived physical matter. This theoretical inference contradicts realworld observations. Reasoning backward from the confirmed existence of our material universe, a new particledecay pathway must exist: antineutrons have a random chargeflip decay channel. Jets spread to remote outerspace regions, where continuous collisions of highenergy gammaray photons generate pairs of basic matterantimatter particles. Particleantiparticle annihilation constantly occurs among free particles. When protons bond with electrons to form hydrogen atoms, particles are locked within bound atomic structures and cannot decompose back into photons, achieving stable material preservation. Continuous cyclic reactions gradually increase hydrogenatom quantities. Protons fuse with ambient free neutrons to form helium nuclei, which capture electrons to generate helium atoms. Various atomic species emerge sequentially, enabling gradual matter accumulation. Primary particles formed initially suffer constant losses from annihilation, restricting largescale expansion of material mass. Antineutrons follow two decay pathways. Conventional decay yields antiprotons and positrons, which remain part of the annihilation cycle. Provided chargeflip decay is probabilistically possible, some antineutrons decay into protons and electrons, replenishing matterform particles continuously. Although newlygenerated protons and electrons undergo partial annihilation with residual antiparticles in the shortterm, overall matterparticle stock rises steadily over longterm cosmic evolution. Aggregated atoms eventually form nebulae, stars and other celestial bodies. This paper analyses the formation process of the matterdominated universe based on three core mechanisms: particle annihilation, irreversible atomic structures, and probabilistic antineutron decay.
Jiaqing Yan (Mon,) studied this question.