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June 17, 2026OncoTargets and TherapyOpen Access

Mechanisms and Emerging Strategies to Overcome Immunotherapy Resistance in Cold Tumours of Colorectal Cancer

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Authors

XZXinqiang ZhuBGBeibei GeLWLinchun Wen

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Overview

Narrative review examines immune evasion in colorectal cancer and proposes new treatment strategies.

Key Points

  • This study aims to explore the mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy in colorectal cancer, particularly in cold tumors.
  • Reviewed peer-reviewed literature from PubMed and clinical trial registries (2015–2025).
  • Focused on Phase II/III trials and mechanistic studies related to CRC.
  • Assessed combination therapies and emerging strategies for MSS colorectal cancer.
  • Identified that 95% of metastatic CRC cases are microsatellite stable (MSS), which largely resists current immunotherapy.
  • Proposed combination strategies to enhance response, such as integrating immune checkpoint inhibitors with anti-angiogenic agents.
  • Highlighted the importance of biomarker-driven approaches to tailor treatments for specific immune evasion patterns.

Cite This Study

Zhu et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a323c62d50b63ecad2068b3https://doi.org/10.2147/ott.s621109
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