Rosa rubiginosa L . Extract Rich in Bioactive Phenolics Possess Potent Anti‐Inflammatory, Antioxidant, Photoprotective, and Antimicrobial Biofunctional Activities

The hydroethanolic Rosa rubiginosa extract is evaluated in vitro for antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antiplatelet, photoprotective, and antimicrobial activities. Rich in phenolics and carotenoids, it shows strong antioxidant activity (notably in DPPH) and high SPF‐related UV protection. Major compounds include rosmarinic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, quercetin, and luteolin. Synergistic interactions among bioactives enhance antioxidant capacity beyond that of individual compounds. The extract demonstrates pronounced anti‐inflammatory effects against platelet‐activating factor (PAF), exceeding those of isolated standards, while showing lower activity against ADP‐induced platelet aggregation, indicating specificity toward PAF‐mediated pathways. Molecular docking supports interactions with the PAF receptor. Given PAF's role in UV‐induced inflammation and melanoma, the extract's UV absorption, antioxidant capacity, and anti‐PAF activity suggest protective effects against photoaging. Antimicrobial activity is stronger against Gram‐negative bacteria, with slower effects on Gram‐positive strains. Overall, R. rubiginosa extract exhibits broad bioactivity, supporting its potential as a multifunctional ingredient in functional foods, nutraceuticals, supplements, and cosmetic formulations.