What question did this study set out to answer?

To develop and validate a ray method for modeling acoustic fields in semi-infinite circular ducts compared to the Wiener-Hopf method.

Ray-acoustic modeling of reflection at terminations of open-ended circular ducts: Validation against Wiener–Hopf method

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Randomized trial validates ray method for modeling acoustic fields in circular ducts, indicating application in engineering.

To develop and validate a ray method for modeling acoustic fields in semi-infinite circular ducts compared to the Wiener-Hopf method.
Developed a ray method utilizing a non-isotropic ring source.
Established asymptotic equivalence between the ray and Wiener-Hopf methods for large Helmholtz numbers.
Derived a reciprocity relation for the reflected field in a ray series format.
Validated the ray method against the Wiener-Hopf solution for effective frequency ranges.
Demonstrated the applicability of the ray method for engineering purposes.
Confirmed the rigorous relationship between ray and Wiener-Hopf approaches for duct acoustics.

Jing et al. (2026) studied this question.

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