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Compares cytokine production after inoculation with replicon mRNA vaccine, suggesting unique immune activation.
Innate immune responses trigger the development of adaptive immune responses through the production of cytokines. In the present study, we compared the cytokine production in mice inoculated with a novel replicon mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Biphasic and prolonged IFN-γ production was observed after the first dose, and sustained production was observed after the second dose, whereas conventional mRNA vaccines induced a peak of IFN-γ production only on Day 1 after both first and second inoculations. These findings may be associated with the self-replicating properties of the replicon mRNA vaccine following inoculation.
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Nakayama et al. (2026) studied this question.
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