Protective effects of extracellular vesicle‐like nanoparticles derived from Cannabis sativa adventitious roots against UVB ‐induced damage in human keratinocytes

Background Plant‐derived bioactive compounds are increasingly sought after in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, prompting the development of sustainable production methods. This study explored the potential of Cannabis sativa adventitious root cultures to produce extracellular vesicle‐like nanoparticles (CA‐NPs) and investigated their protective effects against UVB‐induced damage in human keratinocytes. Methods CA‐NPs were isolated from Cannabis sativa root cultures and characterized for particle size, zeta potential and stability. HaCaT keratinocytes were used to assess the nanoparticles' ability to improve cell viability, reduce apoptosis and alleviate oxidative stress after UVB exposure. Gene expression of skin barrier components and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was analysed, and underlying signalling pathways (MAPK, Nrf2) were examined. Results CA‐NPs (~128 nm, −12.9 mV) showed strong physicochemical stability and effectively protected HaCaT cells from UVB‐induced damage. They suppressed MMP‐1, MMP‐3 and MMP‐9 expression while enhancing skin barrier‐related genes ( HAS1, FLG, LOR, IVL ). CA‐NPs also modulated MAPK and Nrf2 pathways, reducing inflammation and boosting antioxidant defences. Conclusion Cannabis sativa‐derived CA‐NPs offer a promising natural approach to protect the skin from UVB‐induced damage, supporting their potential as bioactive candidates for future skincare or cosmeceutical applications for preventing photoaging and inflammation.