Prevalence of economic burden of overweight and obesity and their associated factors in Saudi Arabia

Background Overweight and obesity represent significant public health challenges in Saudi Arabia with substantial economic implications. Objective To estimate the economic burden of overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia and identify associated factors. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized a mixed-methods approach combining primary survey data with secondary national health data. A total of 667 participants were recruited through stratified random sampling using a validated structured questionnaire. Direct medical costs were estimated using healthcare utilization data, while indirect costs were calculated using the human capital approach. Logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with high economic burden. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results The total annual economic burden of overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia was estimated at SAR 7.6 billion (US$2.0 billion), representing 1.2% of GDP. Direct medical costs accounted for SAR 5.2 billion, while indirect costs totaled SAR 2.4 billion. Among participants, 46.8% experienced a high individual economic burden. Younger age (18–30 years) was significantly associated with higher economic burden compared to older adults (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2–4.0, P = 0.004). Primary education level was associated with higher economic burden compared to university education (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI: 2.0–9.2, P = 0.045). Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m 2 was associated with higher economic burden (AOR= 3.0, 95% CI: 2.2–3.7, P = 0.001). Conclusion The economic burden of overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia is substantial and disproportionately affects younger adults, individuals with lower education, and those with higher BMI. These findings support targeted interventions and policy initiatives aligned with Saudi Vision 2030 healthcare transformation goals.