SIMZERO: Co-Industrial Symbiosis as a Cross-Sector Waste Integration Strategy for Achieving Zero Waste Industry in Support of SDGs 2030

This study conceptualizes the SIMZERO (Symbiosis Zero Waste) strategy based on co-Industrial Symbiosis as a framework for integrating cross-sector waste streams toward zero waste industry. The investigation was conducted at the Tobacco Processing Industrial Estate (KIHT) of Barebali and the buffer zone of the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ), Central Lombok, where tobacco, fishery organic, and plastic waste were identified as energy feedstocks. Employing a Material Flow Analysis (MFA) approach, the study found that integrating material flows through co-pyrolysis technology has the potential to produce bio-diesel while reducing greenhouse gas emissions by an estimated 5,000 to 7,000 tonnes of CO₂ per year.