Determination of Biological and Chronological Age in Children

Assessment of biological and chronological age is an essential component of pediatric health evaluation, providing valuable information about a child's growth, maturation, and developmental status. While chronological age is determined by the date of birth, biological age reflects the actual physiological and functional maturity of the organism. Differences between these indicators may reveal growth disorders, endocrine abnormalities, nutritional deficiencies, or developmental delays. This article examines the principles, methods, and clinical significance of determining biological and chronological age in children. Particular attention is given to anthropometric measurements, skeletal maturity assessment, dental development, and secondary sexual characteristics as reliable markers of biological age. Understanding the relationship between biological and chronological age contributes to accurate diagnosis, individualized healthcare, and effective monitoring of child development.