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The study distinguishes curvature terminology from structural closure, highlighting implications for cosmological models.
Distinguishes FLRW open/flat/closed curvature terminology from structural closure as an admissibility condition. Version 3 aligns the S³ claim with the frame-complete manifold-stage theorem and separates local expansion kinematics from curvature-sensitive FLRW distance measures.
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Chast K. Wolfe (2026) studied this question.
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