What question did this study set out to answer?

This review aims to clarify how HIV-1 Tat contributes to glutamate dysregulation and cognitive impairment in HAND.

HIV-1 Tat-driven Glutamate Dysregulation: Implications for Cognitive Impairment in HAND

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Review explores HIV-1 Tat's contribution to cognitive impairment via glutamate dysregulation in HAND, suggesting therapeutic targets.

This review aims to clarify how HIV-1 Tat contributes to glutamate dysregulation and cognitive impairment in HAND.
Summarizes current literature on Tat's role in glutamate excitotoxicity and neurotoxicity.
Explores the involvement of microglia and astrocytes in Tat-mediated toxicity.
Discusses transgenic and transduction models to illustrate Tat's effects on glial activation and glutamate transmission.
Chronic Tat generation from microglia and astrocytes leads to dysregulated glutamate receptors and transporters.
Tat-induced glial activation is linked to cognitive impairments seen in HAND.
Investigating Tat's mechanisms may identify new therapeutic targets for HIV-associated cognitive disorders.

Duffy et al. (2026) studied this question.

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