Why Organisations Outweigh Individuals in Curbing Miner Unsafe Behaviours: Evidence From Hybrid Structural Equation–System Dynamics Modelling

In high‐risk industries, intentional unsafe behaviours of coal miners pose significant risks, but the complex interplay of organisational and individual drivers remains underexplored. This study integrates the 2–4 accident causation model and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to develop a novel framework for analysing unsafe behaviour intentions. Using a hybrid structural equation Modelling (SEM) and system dynamics (SD) approach with survey data from 318 front‐line Chinese miners, we identify causal pathways and simulate dynamic behavioural changes. Findings show organisational factors significantly negatively affect individual factors, which significantly positively impact unsafe behaviour intention. Mindfulness moderates by weakening the link between individual traits and unsafe intentions. Organisational factors inhibit unsafe intentions better than individual ones, with combined factors showing the strongest effect. The proposed strategies offer theoretical and managerial references for coal mine enterprises to control workers' unsafe behaviour intentions.