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The higher variability introduced by distributed generation leads to fast changes in the aggregate load composition, and thus in the power response during voltage variations. The smart transformer, a power electronics-based distribution transformer with advanced control functionalities, can exploit the load dependence on voltage for providing services to the distribution and transmission grids. In this paper, two possible applications are proposed: 1) the smart transformer overload control by means of voltage control action and 2) the soft load reduction method, that reduces load consumption avoiding the load disconnection. These services depend on the correct identification of load dependence on voltage, which the smart transformer evaluates in real time based on load measurements. The effect of the distributed generation on net load sensitivity has been derived and demonstrated with the control hardware in loop evaluation by means of a real time digital simulator.
Carne et al. (Mon,) studied this question.