Tuberculosis and HIV coinfection: Progress and challenges towards reducing incidence and mortality

TB LAM Antigen (Abbott, USA) as diagnostics are associated with improved survival for HIV-TB. However, there are ongoing gaps in our knowledge: regarding the natural history of TB disease in PWH; optimal approaches to diagnosis of TB and TB drug resistance including in non-sputum samples; and post-TB disease in PWH. We discuss recent progress, together with ongoing challenges towards reducing incidence, morbidity, and mortality. We highlight ongoing research that will advance our understanding and management of HIV-TB: including vaccine research, novel treatment strategies, and expanded options for the diagnosis of TB and drug resistance in PWH.