Key result
A novel miniature uniaxial force sensor demonstrated a 0-4-N force range with rms errors of 0.13 N (<3.2%) in vitro and provided the first endocardial measurements in a beating heart.
A novel miniature fiber-optic uniaxial force sensor successfully measured tissue-instrument interaction forces within a beating heart, demonstrating potential for improving minimally invasive mitral valve surgery.
May aid force monitoring in mitral procedures; leaves open human translation from animal data.
This paper presents a novel miniature uniaxial force sensor for use within a beating heart during mitral valve annuloplasty. The sensor measures 5.5 mm in diameter and 12 mm in length and provides a hollow core to pass instrumentation. A soft elastomer flexure design maintains a waterproof seal. Fiber optic transduction eliminates electrical circuitry within the heart, and acetal components minimize ultrasound-imaging artifacts. Calibration uses a nonlinear viscoelastic method, and in vitro tests demonstrate a 0-4-N force range with rms errors of 0.13 N (< 3.2%). In vivo tests provide the first endocardial measurements of tissue-minimally invasive surgery instrument interaction forces in a beating heart.
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Yip et al. (2010) studied Mitral valve annuloplasty. Miniature uniaxial force sensor was evaluated on Force measurement accuracy (in vitro). A novel miniature uniaxial force sensor demonstrated a 0-4-N force range with rms errors of 0.13 N (<3.2%) in vitro and provided the first endocardial measurements in a beating heart.