Numerical Simulation-Based Study on the Mitigation of Carbon Dioxide Around Buildings by Spatial Morphology of Urban Road Greening

Rapid economic development has led to a growing reliance on private car commuting, making the mitigation of carbon dioxide (CO2) pollution along road environments critical for the health of nearby residents. Road greening serves as an ecological barrier between traffic emissions and adjacent residential areas, and its effectiveness in reducing local CO2 pollution has been widely studied. However, the influence of different spatial morphologies of road greening on the distribution of CO2 around buildings remains underexplored. In this study, we developed a numerical simulation model to investigate CO2 dispersion on building surfaces under various road greening spatial configurations. Simulation results indicate that a “tree–shrub–grass” composite configuration significantly reduces CO2 concentrations around buildings. These findings provide practical guidance for optimizing vegetation spatial layouts in high-density road networks and contribute to the global pursuit of carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals.