Two‐Phase Numerical Simulations of Heat and Mass Transfer in Nanomaterial Flow Between Two Thermally Stratified Rotating Disks

The role of the nonlinear nanomaterials in heat transfer optimization through dissipation and thermal stratification is observed remarkable. The movement and behaviour of these materials become easier to predict in many manufacturing processes when Brownian motion and thermophoretic forces are included. Keeping in view this importance, the impacts of thermal stratification, viscous dissipation, Lorentz forces, and Newtonian heating are effectively incorporated in the rotation of the time‐dependent objects. Moreover, the nonlinear materials’ effective rotating motion between the two disks is considered together with the inclusion of the generalised nano‐type materials that contain two types of forces, Brownian and thermophoretic. The dynamic complex conduct is formulated mathematically by utilising the momentum, volume fraction, and thermal balance equations. The governing nonlinear system is solved numerically using an improved built‐in collocation method implemented in MATLAB software. The results reveal that increasing the unsteadiness parameter enhances the first velocity component, known as radial, while reducing the second one (tangential) near the disk surfaces. Furthermore, the magnetic influence suppresses both velocity profiles due to the resistive Lorentz force effect. Brownian motion, Joule heating, and thermophoretic forces enhanced the thermal status of the materials, whereas the thermal stratification factor decreased the thermal behaviour of the materials.