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Review elucidates mechanisms driving obesity and type 2 diabetes via the microbiota-gut-brain axis, suggesting novel therapies.
The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is a bidirectional network linking gut microbes to the CNS. This review elucidates how microbial messengers—short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, neuroactive metabolites, and extracellular vesicles—drive obesity and type 2 diabetes via neural, endocrine, and immune pathways. MGBA dysregulation triggers hypothalamic dysfunction, adipose inflammation, incretin axis impairment, and β‑cell failure. We discuss MGBA—targeted therapies and their translational challenges.
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Ma et al. (2026) studied this question.
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