Precision Medicine in Oral Cancer: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Aim and background: Oral cancer remains one of the most prevalent global healthcare challenges, especially in low-resource settings.Precision medicine, which personalizes prevention, diagnosis, and treatment for individual patients, has transformative potential.The present review discusses the progress, hurdles, and future of precision medicine in oral cancer.Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted on various studies related to molecular profiling, precision diagnostics, targeted therapies, and predictions modeling.Analysis of recently published studies and emerging technologies such as multi-omics and artificial intelligence.Results: Advances in precision diagnostics, including next-generation sequencing (NGS) and liquid biopsy, improve early detection and tracking of oral cancer.Various targeted therapies, such as EGFR inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, show activity in certain molecular subtypes.However, the use of predictive modeling using clinical, molecular, and imaging features integrated with machine learning can ultimately assist in optimizing personalized treatment.Significant milestones and commercial advances in precision medicine for oral cancer are also highlighted.Conclusion: Precision medicine is revolutionizing the treatment of oral cancer with personalized approaches leading to better outcomes.These challenges call for more advances in biomarker discovery, integration of multi-omics approaches, and artificial intelligence.Clinical significance: This review explores the opportunity of precision medicine to reimagine oral cancer care.This will lead to customized, effective, and, most importantly, accessible therapies worldwide, improving patient outcomes and alleviating the burden of disease.