Multi-period Optimization under Uncertainty for the Strategic Deployment of CO2 Capture, Utilization, Mineralization and Sequestration Networks using Rotating Packed Bed reactors

The deployment of CO 2 capture, utilization, mineralization, and sequestration (CCUS) technology at large scale requires careful consideration of all process aspects, coupled with their corresponding interactions. A comprehensive framework is developed for optimal design and deployment of CCUS networks within a multi-period horizon. All network processes are expressed through surrogate models, based on optimized data attained by rigorous process models. Rotating packed bed (RPB) reactors facilitate CO 2 capture, mineralization, and utilization through the production of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) nanoparticles. Synthetic natural gas (SNG) production is considered as another utilization route for the captured CO 2 . The framework considers all designs from each time-period simultaneously, formed as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem. Apart from a nominal steady-state case, three uncertain cases are studied, involving uncertainty scenarios on carbon permit price, CO 2 utilization raw material supply and product market prices, and CO 2 utilization raw material availability and product demand. The nominal case shows that network deployment satisfies the recommended emission reduction up to a time-period threshold, after which the configuration is maintained, and the purchase of carbon permits becomes favorable. The uncertain carbon permit scenarios indicate that the carbon permit price is an influential variable for the deployment of the network. The results show that by appropriate network operational decisions and structural modifications, the effect of carbon permit price variability can be successfully compensated, while enabling the recommended emission reduction scenario to be satisfied. PCC production is always included in all optimal deployment configurations, despite the uncertainty level imposed on the CO 2 utilization variables. SNG production exhibits lower profit margin and thus is engaged only under favorable utilization conditions.