A study on Disaster management and Human responses

Disaster management in India has evolved into a comprehensive framework that encompasses mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. India faces a wide range of natural disasters including floods, flash floods, cyclones, droughts, and heatwaves, exacerbated by climate change and rapid urbanisation. The government’s structured approach, led by the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), involves multi-agency coordination including the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), State Disaster Response Forces (SDRF), Armed Forces, and local bodies. This paper analyses India’s disaster management mechanisms and human response patterns over the last five years, focusing on major disasters and government interventions. Quantitative data tables present key disasters from 2021-2025, highlighting impacts and responses. Findings suggest that efficient early warnings, community involvement, and annual exercises (e.g., Operation Abhyaas) enhance resilience, though gaps remain in infrastructure and local capacity. Recommendations focus on strengthening infrastructure, community training, and climate-adaptive policies. This study contributes to understanding India’s evolving disaster management system and the critical link between human responses and policy effectiveness.