An enhanced routing algorithm to mitigate energy and time delay related issues in VANET communication

The Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET) is a wireless network that is established among vehicles and roadside infrastructure. The major challenge while establishing VANETs is to provide Quality of Service (QoS). For providing QoS to VANETs many routing protocols are developed but still have limitations such as packet delivery, delay, and throughput. Due to these shortcomings, a reactive routing algorithm with the integration of ant colony optimization (ACO) and parallel routing technique, a parallel ant colony optimization (PACO) is proposed. Functioning steps followed in our proposed work are network formation, neighbors’ discovery, route discovery, calculation of probability of goodness of the routes, division, and transmission of payload depending upon route fitness, and receiving of the payload at the receiver side, forming back the original payload. After receiving the payload our proposed routing protocol will be evaluated based on various parameters like throughput, energy, packet loss ratio, and delay. The evaluation will be compared with the existing routing protocols like Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and ACO. The result shows that PACO outperforms in terms of throughput, packet loss, and delay in light, moderate, and heavy traffic conditions.