Mortars From Punic and Hellenistic–Roman Solunto: Materials, Formulations, and Technology

This study presents an archaeometric investigation of 18 hydraulic rendering and bedding mortars from Punic and Hellenistic–Roman Solunto (NW Sicily). The research aimed to characterize raw materials, reconstruct manufacturing sequences, and evaluate technological proficiency through mineralogical and petrochemical analyses. X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) reveal the consistent use of magnesian aerial lime derived from local dolostones. Aggregates consist of cocciopesto (crushed pottery/brick) or local geological materials. The results clarify production techniques for hydraulic mortars made without natural pozzolans, showing that magnesium‐rich binders combined with cocciopesto or dolomite yield mortars with good hydraulic performance. A key finding is the presence of hydrotalcite, a rare crystalline phase indicating advanced empirical knowledge in producing durable, water‐resistant mortars. These insights enhance our understanding of ancient construction practices and support the development of compatible conservation materials.